Fig. 3. Betulinic acid-induced apoptosis in FaDu pharyngeal carcinoma cells. (A) Changes in nuclear morphology by betulinic acid. Cells were treated with 0, 10, and 20 μM betulinic acid for 24 hr. 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed that betulinic acid increased the number of FaDu cells with nuclear condensation. (B) FaDu cells emitting green fluorescence are live cells stained with green calcein AM, whereas cells emitting red fluorescence are dead cells stained with ethidium homodimer 1. Images were observed under a fluorescence microscope (Eclipse TE2000; Nikon Instruments, Melville, NY, USA).
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